Conditions

Gut Stasis in Guinea Pigs

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What is it?

Gut stasis is a life threatening condition that can affect Guinea Pigs. It is usually caused by the bacteria in the Guinea Pigs gut becoming out of balance. As a result of this imbalance, the contractions of the stomach and intestinal muscles often come to a complete standstill, also known as ileus. This means that any food that is within the stomach and digestive tract can remain in its place and not be absorbed, processed or metabolised.

What causes it?

There are a number of different causes of gut stasis and these are all case dependent. A Guinea Pigs digestive tract should never be empty and should always contain food. If you think your Guinea Pig is greedy and is constantly eating, then this is a good sign! Let them graze all they like. Some of the most common causes of gut stasis include:

  • Dental problems - It goes without saying that if there’s a problem with a Guinea Pigs teeth then they’re going to be more reluctant to eat. If they’re in pain with their teeth then their food intake will be affected and they will consume less food. This then leads to insufficient nutrition, an imbalance of bacteria in the gut and the beginning of gut stasis. Try to check your Guinea Pigs teeth regularly to make sure they’re not too long and there are no gum lesions or sores present. If you are worried about their teeth, seek help from your veterinary surgeon.
  • Stress - Has something significant happened recently? Has their bonded partner sadly passed away? Have you introduced a new Guinea Pig to the group? Stress can be a major inducer of gut stasis. An unhappy Guinea won’t be eating enough food or will stop eating entirely. If you’re worried that your Guinea Pig is stressed and is eating less because of it, seek help from your veterinary practice.
  • General illness - A Guinea Pig that is generally feeling unwell will not want to eat. If you notice any signs that your Guinea Pig is under the weather or is acting differently, it is always best to seek advice from your veterinary surgeon.
  • Lack of fibre - A lack of fibre could not only cause lethargy and malnutrition, but could also be a direct cause of gut stasis. Fibre helps to look after a Guinea Pigs gastro-intestinal tract by supplying the gut with healthy bacterias, but it also helps to maintain intestinal mobility. A lack of fibre can increase the risk of ileus.
  • Foreign body or blockage - Sometimes animals eat things that they shouldn’t. 9 times out of 10 it is usually a dog that has eaten a sock! However, in some instances, Guinea Pigs may decide to have a munch on something that they shouldn’t and this could cause a blockage. With Guinea Pigs not being able to vomit, there is only one way a foreign body is travelling. Guinea pigs can be prone to impaction from hair grooming, so make sure to brush your Guinea Pig when they begin to moult.

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    What animals are at risk?

    The main small furries at risk of gut stasis are rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas.

    What are the clinical signs or symptoms?

    Clinical symptoms can either be a sudden onset or a gradual occurrence. The main symptoms of gut stasis include anorexia (not eating), lethargy, not drinking, immobilisation and not passing any faeces. You may notice your Guinea Pig grinding its teeth in pain or being more vocal than usual. If you notice any of these signs or are unsure whether they are not eating or not then contact your vet immediately as this is considered an emergency.

    How can it be diagnosed?

    Gut stasis can be diagnosed in different ways, but if you communicate to your vet that your Guinea Pig has not been eating, then this is already cause for concern. Your vet may feel your Guinea Pigs abdomen, which often feels bloated and uncomfortable when they are experiencing gut stasis. Your vet may also use a stethoscope to listen to the abdomen for gut sounds. This allows the veterinary surgeon to identify if there is any movement in the gut or not.

    How can it be treated?

    Gut stasis is an emergency and if you suspect that your Guinea Pig has gut stasis, then you should be seen by a veterinary surgeon immediately. Your vet will assess the severity of your Guinea Pigs condition and treatment should start as soon as possible. This usually includes:

  • Pain relief to keep your Guinea Pig nice and comfortable.
  • Syringe feeding to provide the gut with fibre and stimulate movement.
  • Supportive digestive medication to encourage movement within the gut.
  • Hospitalisation for assessment and monitoring.
  • Fluid therapy to correct dehydration, support circulation and aid with shock.
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    Can it be prevented?

    Some Guinea Pigs can be more prone to gut stasis than others and can, unfortunately, be a recurring condition. Ensure your Guinea Pig is offered a balanced and nutritious diet. Hay is an important part of a Guinea Pigs diet and a good quality Timothy hay should always be available.

    Avoid stressful situations for your Guinea Pig and house them in a quiet location. Always introduce new members to the group slowly to allow for an adjustment period. If you have any questions regarding diet, socialisation, husbandry or gut stasis then contact your veterinary practice for advice.
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