What is paraphimosis?
Paraphimosis occurs when a dog’s penis becomes stuck outside of its protective sheath, known as the prepuce, for a prolonged period of time. When this happens the penis becomes dry, swollen and painful. It should be treated as an emergency.
Paraphimosis can occur in both unneutered and neutered dogs, but may be more common in entire adolescent dogs.
What causes paraphimosis?
The most common cause of paraphimosis is a genetic deformity which causes narrowing of the prepuce (phimosis). This means that after an erection, the penis is unable to enter back into the prepuce. Other causes include:
- fur becoming stuck around the base of the penis, causing constriction
- the edges of the prepuce rolling inwards
- foreign objects become stuck in the prepuce
- trauma to the penis or prepuce
- neurological issues
- tumours
- fractures of the os penis (the penile bone)
What are the symptoms of paraphimosis?
Dogs with paraphimosis will frequently lick the affected area and may appear distressed. The penis will look swollen, irritated, dry and it may be a different colour to normal, for example, it may have a purple tinge.
It is normal for a dog’s penis to sit outside the prepuce for a short period from time to time, especially after mating, or when excited. However this time period shouldn’t normally exceed 20 minutes, although what’s normal will vary from dog to dog. Any longer than this period can lead to the penile skin becoming desiccated, and potentially result in penile gangrene.
How is paraphimosis diagnosed?
Paraphimosis is usually diagnosed successfully from a visual examination by the veterinarian.
How is paraphimosis treated?
Paraphimosis should be treated as quickly as possible. Your vet will clean and lubricate the penis and try to retract it back into the prepuce manually. Sometimes cold or warm packs are applied to reduce the swelling of the penis, making it easier to retract. Any obvious causes such as matted hair or foreign bodies will be corrected. Your vet will provide pain relief and if there is any sign of infection they may also administer antibiotics.
In some cases it is not possible to retract the penis manually and surgical correction may be required.
In severe cases of paraphimosis the tissue of the penis can die and partial amputation of the penis may be required.
What is the outlook for dogs with paraphimosis?
Dogs receiving prompt treatment usually have a good outcome.