Liz Buchanan BVSc MRCVS
Keymaster
Hello - that's an excellent question. The amount that a dog urinates is related to 1) how much they drink and eat (how much water is in the food, for example) and 2) how much water they use e.g. in running around, breathing and keeping themselves cool (panting). This obviously varies a lot from dog to dog. Water that is not used by the body is lost through urine and a healthy dogs' kidneys control the strength of their urine much as ours do, so that when a dog is dehydrated, they will often urinate less in order to preserve body-fluid - and if they have drunk excessively, they will often urinate more. This does not hold in cases where the kidneys are damaged - the urine from damaged kidneys is usually too dilute and usually associated with excessive water intake, but not always (this can be checked). Most of the time, if a dog has free access to water, then they will simply feel thirsty and top up with what they need. However, if you are concerned, there may be the option of a catching a little urine and taking it to your vets. Your vet can examine the dog to check that they are adequately hydrated, or use something called a refractometer (it measures the concentration of urine) to ensure that the urine isn't worryingly concentrated at the far end. A sneaky trick that some owners do at home, particularly if their dog is e.g. known to be suffering from kidney disease or similar, is to add a little water to the food in order that more water automatically flows through the dog. Another tip - more frequently associated with cats who don't drink enough - is to experiment with water dishes because some animals really do have a strong preference regarding water bowls. However, for the most part it has to be said, that dogs usually do a reasonable job of regulating their own water intake and I have rarely worried that a dog is deliberately refusing water in the face of a suitable water supply. I hope that something there helps.
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