Liz Buchanan BVSc MRCVS
Keymaster
Hello - It's great that your vet has ruled out a lot of problems already. This may still have a medical or behavioural cause. Sometimes animals avoid going outside because it hurts to get up, so they tend to delay doing so and then accidentally leave it too late. It stands to reason that you might have become aware of this when your dog had diarrhoea, which is often quite urgent, but it could be that there is an underlying issue such subtle arthritis, which is not always found on a clinical exam. If your vet thinks that this might still be a possibility then a pain-relief trial may be worthwhile.
There may also be behavioural reasons. For example, a dogs' nose is many times more sensitive than a human nose. If a human nose is picking faeces up, owners tend to clean like crazy until they can no longer smell it. However, dogs sometimes continue to smell faeces and convince themselves that the site of a previous indiscretion is a viable toileting site. Furthermore, they may have become a little concerned by something in the garden - a visiting fox for example - and be avoiding going outside or urinating / defecating in its territory.
It is interesting that defecation and urination are both affected; for me, this makes e.g. a specific bladder or a specific bowel problem less likely. However, confusion or cognitive dysfunction may be an issue and many early signs of it can be subtle and difficult to pinpoint. There are questionnaires designed as a tool for picking up early cognitive dysfunction - perhaps your vet could access one for you?
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