Fracture Management in Cats 

What is a fracture? 

A fracture is the medical term for a broken bone. This can range from a small crack in the bone to a complete break where the bone is split into two or more pieces. Fractures can be simple (where the bone breaks cleanly into two pieces) or comminuted (where the bone shatters into multiple fragments). They may also be open (where the bone protrudes through the skin) or closed (where the skin remains intact). 

In cats, fractures most commonly affect the long bones of the limbs (such as the femur, tibia, radius, and ulna), but they can also occur in the pelvis, jaw, spine, tail, or even the toes. The severity of the fracture and its location play a huge role in determining the best treatment approach. 

Common causes of fractures in cats 

Understanding how fractures occur can help make sense of the injury and the treatment plan recommended by your vet. 

Road traffic accidents 

Sadly, road traffic accidents are one of the most common causes of fractures in cats. Even low-speed collisions can result in significant injuries due to a cat’s small size and delicate skeletal structure. 

Falls from height 

Cats are excellent climbers, but falls from balconies, windows, or trees can lead to fractures, particularly in young or adventurous cats. Cats do have a natural righting reflex, which allows them to twist their bodies in mid-air and often land feet-first. However, this reflex does not make them immune to injury. From significant heights, the forces involved can still be enough to cause fractures and other serious trauma, even if they are able to land on their feet. 

Bite wounds and trauma 

Fights with other animals, particularly dogs, can result in fractures due to crushing or twisting forces applied to the bones. 

Pathological fractures 

In some cases, bones may fracture more easily due to an underlying condition such as bone infection, cancer, or severe nutritional deficiencies. These are known as pathological fractures and require investigation into the underlying cause. 

Signs your cat may have a fracture 

Cats are masters at hiding pain, so fractures are not always immediately obvious. Some signs that should prompt urgent veterinary attention include: 

• Sudden lameness or inability to bear weight on a limb 

• Swelling or visible deformity of a leg 

• Crying out or signs of pain when touched 

• Reluctance to move, jump, or use the litter tray 

• Hiding, reduced appetite, or behavioural changes 

• An open wound with visible bone (this is an emergency) 

If you suspect a fracture, it is important to restrict your cat’s movement as much as possible and seek veterinary attention straight away. 

How fractures are diagnosed 

Clinical examination 

Your vet will begin with a thorough physical examination, carefully assessing your cat for pain, swelling, instability, and any other injuries. In traumatic cases, your cat will also be checked for internal injuries, as fractures often occur alongside chest or abdominal trauma. 

Imaging 

X-rays are the gold standard for diagnosing fractures. They allow the vet to see the type of fracture, its location, and how well the bone fragments align. In complex cases, such as pelvic fractures or joint involvement, advanced imaging such as CT scans may be recommended. 

Accurate diagnosis is essential, as it directly influences the treatment options and prognosis. 

Treatment options for fractures in cats 

Fracture management in cats is highly individualised. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and your vet will consider factors such as the type of fracture, your cat’s age, temperament, overall health, and your ability to manage aftercare at home. 

Conservative (non-surgical) management 

Some fractures can be managed without surgery, particularly if they are: 

• Stable 

• Minimally displaced 

• In young cats with good healing potential 

Conservative management may involve: 

• Strict cage rest 

• Splints or casts (in selected cases) 

• Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medication 

Cats must be carefully monitored during conservative treatment, as movement can cause the fracture to shift. Not all fractures are suitable for this approach, and inappropriate conservative management can result in poor healing or long-term complications. 

Surgical fracture repair 

Many fractures in cats benefit from surgical stabilisation. Surgery aims to realign the bone fragments and hold them securely in place while healing occurs. 

Common surgical techniques include: 

• Pins and wires 

• Plates and screws 

• External skeletal fixators 

• Intramedullary pins 

The choice of technique depends on the fracture configuration and the surgeon’s assessment. Cats generally tolerate fracture surgery very well, and stabilisation often allows for earlier, more comfortable healing. 

Specific types of fractures in cats 

Pelvic fractures 

Pelvic fractures are common following trauma. Many can be managed conservatively if the pelvis remains stable and there is no obstruction of the pelvic canal. However, severe or unstable pelvic fractures may require surgery. 

Jaw fractures 

Mandibular (lower jaw) fractures can affect eating and cause significant discomfort. Treatment may involve wiring, splinting, or surgical fixation, along with careful nutritional support during recovery. 

Tail fractures 

Tail fractures are often managed conservatively, but in cases where there is severe damage or loss of blood supply, partial amputation may be recommended. 

Pain management and supportive care 

Effective pain control is a vital part of fracture management in cats. Your vet will prescribe appropriate analgesia, which may include opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other pain-relief medications. 

Supportive care may also involve: 

• Antibiotics (particularly for open fractures) 

• Nutritional support 

• Fluid therapy in hospitalised patients 

Never give human painkillers to cats, as many are toxic. 

Recovery and aftercare at home 

The recovery period is often the most challenging part for owners. Cats are not naturally inclined to rest, but strict confinement is essential for successful healing. 

Home care tips 

• Confine your cat to a small room or a large crate 

• Use low-sided litter trays 

• Prevent jumping or climbing 

• Administer medication exactly as prescribed 

• Attend all follow-up appointments and X-rays 

Healing typically takes 6–12 weeks, depending on the fracture and treatment method. 

Potential complications 

While many cats go on to heal extremely well following a fracture, complications can occasionally occur during the healing or recovery process. Being aware of these possibilities allows problems to be recognised and addressed early. 

Potential complications include: 

• Delayed healing or non-union, where the bone takes longer than expected to heal or fails to heal fully, sometimes requiring additional treatment or intervention 

• Infection, particularly with open fractures or following surgery, which may present as swelling, discharge, pain, or a general decline in well-being and sudden onset of apparently unelated symptoms, e.g. loss of appetite 

• Implant-related issues, such as loosening, bending, or breakage of pins, plates, or screws used to stabilise the fracture 

• Reduced joint mobility, stiffness, or the development of arthritis, especially when fractures involve or are close to a joint 

Regular follow-up appointments and monitoring at home are essential, as early veterinary assessment greatly improves outcomes if complications arise. Prompt treatment can often prevent minor issues from becoming more serious and help ensure the best possible long-term recovery for your cat. 

Long-term outlook for cats with fractures 

The long-term outlook for cats with fractures is generally very positive, especially when fractures are diagnosed promptly, stabilised appropriately, and followed by careful aftercare at home. Cats are typically excellent healers and often adapt well during the recovery period. 

With the correct treatment and adherence to veterinary advice, many cats go on to regain normal function and return to their usual activities without lasting problems. Even in cases where recovery takes longer or surgery is required, outcomes are often very good. 

Factors that can influence long-term prognosis include the type and location of the fracture, whether a joint is involved, the presence of any additional injuries, and how closely rest and rehabilitation recommendations are followed. Regular check-ups allow your vet to monitor healing and address any concerns early. 

Overall, most cats recover well from fractures and are able to enjoy a good quality of life following treatment. 

When to seek urgent veterinary help 

You should contact your vet as soon as possible if you notice any changes that suggest your cat’s condition may be worsening or that complications could be developing. 

Seek urgent veterinary advice if you observe: 

• Increased pain, swelling, or sensitivity around the injured area 

• A sudden worsening of lameness or reluctance to bear weight 

• Discharge, redness, heat, or an unpleasant smell from a surgical site or wound 

• Loss of appetite, lethargy, or changes in behaviour such as hiding or withdrawal 

Cats are very good at masking pain, so even subtle changes can be significant. Prompt veterinary assessment allows potential problems to be identified early and treated appropriately, helping to support a smoother recovery and reduce the risk of long-term complications. 

Frequently asked questions  

How long does it take for a fracture to heal in cats? 

Most fractures in cats take 6–12 weeks to heal, depending on the type of fracture, its location, and whether surgery was required. Young, healthy cats often heal faster than older cats, but strict rest is essential regardless of age. Follow-up X-rays are commonly used to assess healing before your cat is allowed to return to normal activity. 

Will my cat need surgery for a broken bone? 

Not all fractures require surgery. Some stable fractures can heal well with strict rest and careful monitoring. However, many fractures benefit from surgical stabilisation to ensure proper alignment and reduce pain. Your vet will recommend the best option based on your cat’s individual situation. 

Is fracture surgery safe for cats? 

Fracture surgery in cats is generally very safe, particularly when performed by an experienced veterinary surgeon. Modern anaesthesia, pain management, and surgical techniques mean that most cats recover extremely well. 

Can cats live a normal life after a fracture? 

In the vast majority of cases, yes. Most cats return to a full, active life following fracture healing. Some may develop mild stiffness or arthritis later in life, particularly if a joint was involved, but this is often manageable. 

How can I help my cat recover at home? 

The most important thing you can do is restrict movement. This can feel unkind, but it is vital for successful healing. Administer medications as prescribed, attend follow-up appointments, and contact your vet if you are worried at any point. 

Final thoughts 

Seeing your cat suffer a fracture can be distressing, but it is important to remember that cats are incredibly resilient. With prompt veterinary care, effective pain management, and careful aftercare at home, the outlook for cats with fractures is usually excellent. 

If you are ever unsure or concerned during your cat’s recovery, please do not hesitate to contact your veterinary team. They are here to support both you and your cat through the healing process, from diagnosis through to full recovery.