If you’ve noticed your cat is avoiding his litter tray, it can be both puzzling and frustrating. Cats are usually quite particular about their bathroom habits, so when your cat refuses to use their litter tray, it is often a sign that something isn’t quite right. Understanding the reasons behind this behaviour can help you make changes that encourage your cat to use his tray happily and consistently. 

1 Your cat’s perfect loo 

One of the most common reasons cats avoid their litter trays is because of the tray itself. Cats can be very particular about the size, shape and cleanliness of their litter tray. If it is too small or cramped, your cat may find it uncomfortable to use. This can be especially true for larger or older cats who may have difficulty getting in and out or turning around easily.  

Also, if the tray is covered, some cats won’t like the feeling of being enclosed or trapped when they go to the toilet. They prefer an open space where they can see their surroundings and feel safe. On the other hand, some cats quite like the privacy of having a lid or hood. If your cat has taken a dislike to his tray, try switching between lid off and lid on to see which he prefers. 

When choosing a litter tray, be wary of some of the new tech designs that prioritise making life easier for humans, rather than placing the cat’s own preferences first and foremost. The noise and vibrations coming from some self-cleaning trays can be off-putting for cats, and sometimes they allow smells to linger for longer than your cat will like.    

If you’d like more tips on how to create the perfect loo for your cat, you can find them here: Your cat’s ideal litter tray and here: Choosing a litter tray for your cat – International Cat Care 

2 Location, location, location 

Where you place the litter tray matters a lot to your cat. If the tray is in a noisy or high-traffic area, your cat may avoid it because it doesn’t feel safe or private. Similarly, placing the tray near the cat’s food or water bowls can be off-putting. Cats instinctively avoid toileting where they eat. 

If you have multiple cats, competition over litter trays or territorial disputes may cause a cat to avoid the shared tray. In multi-cat households, it is generally recommended to have one litter tray per cat plus one extra, to avoid conflicts and territorial issues. 

3 Types of litter 

Cats can be very picky about the texture, scent and depth of their litter. These preferences are often formed during kittenhood, when cats are first introduced to a litter tray. Some cats dislike clumping litter if it sticks to their paws or feels uncomfortable underfoot. Others will dislike wood pellets and paper. All cats will tend to dislike scented litters or those with artificial fragrances, finding them overpowering for their sensitive sense of smell.  

Most cats will tend to prefer soft, sandy litter, but you could try other types too until you find something your cat prefers. Also, the amount of litter matters; most cats will want a deep layer to dig in, at least 3cm deep, while others may prefer it shallower. 

4 Keep it clean 

Cats are famously clean animals and often refuse to use a dirty tray. If the litter isn’t scooped regularly or cleaned thoroughly, your cat may look for cleaner alternatives (like the carpet)!  

Scooping out the tray daily is ideal, and once a week it’s worth doing a full litter change and tray wash. Use a mild, unscented detergent to clean the tray, as cats are sensitive to the smell of chemicals.  

5 Is this a medical problem? 

Sometimes, your cat may avoid the litter tray because they have an underlying health issue. Inflammation of the urinary tract, bladder stones, constipation and arthritis can all make it painful or difficult for your cat to use his tray properly. 

Feline lower urinary tract disease, or FLUTD, is a group of conditions affecting the bladder and urethra of cats. It includes conditions such as cystitis and urethral obstructions. Around 4% of cats in the UK may suffer from FLUTD. If your cat suffers from a medical condition like this, they may associate the pain with the litter tray and try to avoid it altogether.  

Older cats with arthritis may find it hard to climb into a high-sided tray or get into a small space.  

If your cat’s litter tray avoidance is sudden or accompanied by other symptoms like frequent urination, blood in the urine, or changes in appetite or behaviour, a visit to the vet is essential.  

6 Stress and anxiety 

Cats can be easily stressed by changes in their environment or routine. Moving to a new home, the arrival of a new pet or family member, loud noises or conflicts with other cats can all trigger litter tray avoidance.  

Stress-related litter issues are often accompanied by other signs of anxiety, such as hiding, overgrooming or changes in appetite. Providing a calm, predictable environment and giving your cat plenty of safe spaces can help reduce stress. Using synthetic pheromone diffusers (like Feliway) can also promote a sense of security. 

7 Negative associations 

If something unpleasant has happened in or near the litter tray, your cat may form a negative association and avoid it. This could include being startled while using it, loud noises nearby or even being punished for accidents.  

It’s important never to punish your cat for accidents outside of the litter tray. Instead, focus on positive reinforcement and making the litter tray an inviting, stress-free place. 

8 Changes to routine or environment 

Cats are creatures of habit, and sudden changes can upset their routine. Changing the type of litter, moving the tray or changing cleaning products can all cause your cat to reject their tray. If you need to make changes, try to do so gradually, giving your cat time to adjust.  

Top tips to help your cat like his litter tray again: 

  • Provide multiple litter trays: This is especially important if you have more than one cat. 
  • Choose the right tray: Big enough, open (if preferred) and easy to access. 
  • Try different litters: Experiment with texture and depth. 
  • Clean the tray: Scoop daily and wash the tray weekly. 
  • Choose a quiet, private spot: Trays should be placed away from noise, food and busy areas. 
  • Visit the vet: Rule out any medical problem. 
  • Reduce stress: Maintain a calm, predictable environment, try pheromone sprays and avoid sudden changes. 
  • Positive reinforcement: Reward your cat when he uses his tray properly.  

Understanding your cat’s dislike of the litter tray often involves some detective work, patience, trial and error. By paying attention to their preferences and needs, you can help ensure your feline friend feels comfortable and happy using their litter tray again.