These “giant” cats are often described as being more dog-like than cat, and they are increasingly popular. However, in recent years, concerns around genetic disease have been rising – so do they really make a good pet? 

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Maine coon cats originate from the state of Maine in the United States of America. They are a large breed of cat, much larger than the average domestic shorthair weighing on average between 5 and 8.5kg. (Males tend to weigh more than females and can be even heavier than this). They have a long back and an even longer tail, thick fur which acts as insulation and is waterproof, and quite distinctive pointy ears. With their waterproof coat, they do – unusually – enjoy water, unlike most cats. They do require regular grooming because of this thick fur, especially as they get older. The lifespan averages 10-15 years.

They are a playful breed who enjoy an active lifestyle and need outdoor space. And they like to play games due to their extrovert personality. They enjoy climbing, jumping and exploring, so are great with games and puzzles. They are actually trainable, so with a keen owner they are keen to learn.

In terms of diet, like all cats they are obligate carnivores (so they require meat every day) to get the essential nutrients for growth and maintenance. It is important to make sure they have a complete diet and are not overfed. 

Health conditions 

As with all pedigree cats there are certain conditions that Maine coons are prone to or seem to be more susceptible to. These can be congenital (born with it) or acquired (occur over time). In general, though, the breed is considered to be quite healthy compared to many other purebred cats. 

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) 

HCM is a condition affecting the walls of the heart meaning they become thickened, which, over time, leads to the heart not being able to beat as efficiently. This then leads to heart failure, eventually, where the heart is not able to work. This condition is not curable, sadly, but can be managed with medication. Sometimes a murmur can be heard when the heart is listened to by your vet, but other times there can be no indication. This is one of the most common and important genetic diseases of Maine Coons.

Hip dysplasia 

This is a congenital condition where the hip joint and the top of the femur (leg bone) do not form correctly, leading to inflammation and over time pain and lameness. Often this can be identified at a young age by an abnormal gait (the way they walk) or an inability to jump up. Sometimes surgery is indicated, or other times medical management is appropriate. 

Asthma 

Feline asthma occurs when irritants are inhaled and cause the lungs to become inflamed and sensitive. It can occur in any breed of cat. It causes coughing or changes in their breathing, and although it is not curable it can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes at home. 

Pyruvate kinase deficiency 

Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme important to make red blood cells. When there is a deficiency then the cat can become anaemic (reduced numbers or volume of red blood cells) and affected cats can range from being very unwell with it or mildly affected. 

Spinal muscular atrophy 

This condition affects Maine coons and causes loss of the spinal nerves, leading to weakness of the legs. As it is a congenital condition, affected kittens normally display clinical signs by 4 months of age. These can be weakness when jumping or walking abnormally. 

DNA testing of a Maine coon can be done for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pyruvate kinase deficiency and spinal muscular atrophy. Performing these tests will reveal whether a cat is affected, a carrier or normal. And this can indicate whether cats should be bred together or not. Your vet can advise on what samples need to be taken and how the testing is to be done. 

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Maine coons make wonderful pets 

In fact, they are often described as ‘dog like’ due to their active lifestyle, engaging personality, and the need for company. They do require more grooming and more time than an average domestic cat due to their coat and personality. It is important they have outdoor access – they do not cope well with being indoors all the time, as they want to climb and explore, so a house rather than a flat suits them better. 

If you are considering taking on a Maine coon, it is important to do your research and speak to your vets who will be able to advise you on the breed and on the vaccinations and health care moving forward. 

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